Explore MCQs for Child Development and Pedagogy

🔎 Explanation

Key Concepts

• Reversibility: In the Concrete Operational Stage (ages 7–11 years), children understand that objects can be changed and then returned back to their original form. Example: 2 + 3 = 5 and 5 - 3 = 2.
• Serialization: Children develop the ability to arrange objects logically in order (like smallest to largest), which is a skill of the concrete operational stage.
• Conservation: Children realize that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or appearance — a major achievement of this stage. 
• Animism: This refers to believing that non-living objects have feelings and consciousness, which is seen during the preoperational stage (2–7 years)

📕 Additional Information:

1. Sensorimotor
2. Preoperational
3. concrete operational
4. formal operational. 

1. Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 years): Children learn through sensory experiences and motor actions, focusing on understanding their environment through actions like grasping, sucking, and exploring objects. 
2. Preoperational Stage (2 to 7 years): Children begin to use symbols and language, developing their ability to think and represent the world through mental images and language. They may also engage in pretend play. 
3. Concrete Operational Stage (7 to 11 years): Children can think logically about concrete events and apply operations like addition, subtraction, and multiplication. They can also solve problems using logic and begin to understand conservation. 
4. Formal Operational Stage (12 years and older): Individuals can think abstractly and reason about hypothetical situations, using deductive reasoning to solve problems. They can also consider different perspectives and engage in complex thought processes. 

• AnomyBirth to 5 years) 
• Heteronomy – authority (5 – 8 years)
• Heteronomy Reciprocity (8 – 13 years) 
• Autonomy Adolescence (13 – 18years) 

1. Anomy (Birth to 5 years) Piaget called the first stage anomy, the stage without the law. At this stage the behavior of child is neither moral nor immoral but is non – moral . So, the child’s behaviour is not guided by moral standards. The regulators of behaviour arc pain and pleasure.
2. Heteronomy – Authority (5 to 8 years) (Morality of Constraint) This stage of moral development may be called the discipline of artificial consequences imposed by adults. Moral development controlled by external authority. Rewards and punishment regulate moral development.

• Children in this stage view rules and authority as fixed and unchangeable. They believe that rules are determined by adults or authorities and cannot be altered.
• They also believe that consequences are more important than intentions. If a rule is broken, they focus on the outcome rather than the intention behind the action.

3. Heteronomy – Reciprocity (8 to 13 years) At this stage, there is the morality of cooperation with peers or equals. This stage is regulated by reciprocity which implies that conformity with the group becomes necessary at this stage.
4. Autonomy – Adolescence (13 to 18 years) Piaget calls the stage as equity stage. Children of this stage demand equality in moral action. The individual at this stage is fully responsible for his behaviour.

📕 Additional Information:

• Piaget divided moral development into two main stages:
  • Heteronomous morality: rules as unchangeable and imposed by authorities (moral realism)
  • Autonomous morality: rules are created by people and can be negotiated (moral relativism)